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The French attack from the Ardennes to Lorraine: in the Battle of the Frontiers, which lasts 11 days, they lose 300,000 men.

On the first day of the war, the British ship Telconia, under the benefit of darkness, approached the German coast, dropped anchor where it knew it would find German submarine communications cables, pulled up the cables, and cut them. In this way, the British forced

Only hours after the declaration of war, the British cut German submarine cables to the United States. From now on, and throughout the war, German telegrams to the American continent must pass through England. This will be crucial when the Kaiser courts Mexico to enter

Britain enters the war: the war becomes global

Sarajevo. Seven conspirators hatch a plot to assassinate Austrian Prince Franz Ferdinand. Within days, the assassination will trigger World War I, which would later lead to World War II. The successful assassin, Gavrilo Princip, is captured and sentenced to 20 years, dying in prison of

Germany. The process invented by a bald, mustachioed man wearing pince-nez glasses, Fritz Haber, has already saved millions of people from starvation. It’s a process for capturing nitrogen and producing highly efficient fertilizers. This alternative to manure and organic compounds (such as bird droppings) makes

American philosopher Peirce dies

Explorer Ernest Shackleton embarks on the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The ship becomes entangled in the ice and subsequently sinks. The crew manages to escape and, after months, first reaches the deserted Elephant Island at latitude 61S, then South Georgia Island, approaching from the uninhabited side. Finally,

Thomas Alva Edison’s factory catches fire during the night. The damage is extensive, due to the wooden structures and the deposits of flammable materials such as film and nitrate, alcohol, and highly volatile phenol. Among the 12,000 onlookers crowding to see the horrific sight is

Sundman finds a particular solution to the stability of the solar system, which converges very slowly

Englishman Harry Brearley creates stainless steel; it is made by passivating chromium, which forms a very thin, continuous, and stable oxide film.

Henrietta Leavitt discovered the law of Cepheid variables: their absolute magnitude is proportional to the period of their variability; this provided a method for estimating the distances of galaxies.

First regulation of the radio sector (only for long waves

The Republic is proclaimed in China

China. The Qing dynasty collapses after seven decades.

Modena: 381 subscribers to the urban telephone network

Swiss archaeologist rediscovers the abandoned and forgotten settlement of Petra in Jordan for a thousand years.

Slipher measures 12 more nebulae and finds 11 of them redshifted

Hubble and Slipher measured the frequency of the light from four nebulae and found that three of them were redshifted and one of them, Andromeda, was blueshifted; his correct interpretation was that the first three were moving away while the fourth was moving closer.

Modena’s first electric tram line opens

Japan. Doctors treating the families of miners at the Kamioke Mine (which would later be used a century later for the Super-Kamiokande neutrino detector) diagnosed itai-itai (ouch-ouch) disease, affecting 98% of women. This disease causes bone pain and fragility. In 1946, Noboru Hagino began seriously

Wernher Magnus Maximilian Von Braun was born in Wirsitz, East Germany, to Baron Magnus Freiherr and Emmy Von Quistorp. He was born into a noble Prussian family: the von Brauns fought the Mongols at Liegnitz in 1245. Wernher Von Braun would be the architect of

Antarctica. Robert Falcon Scott and the last three members of his expedition continue their return journey from the South Pole, through a storm. They die in late March. In England, they were as famous as Neil Armstrong was in America in the 1970s, and so

Finnish mathematician Karl Frithiof Sundman discovered that the presence of chaos does not rule out solutions based on series, but these are almost always valid, rather than valid. He applied the concept to the Three-Body Problem. His series converge unless the initial state has zero

United States. The Radio Act established government regulations for the use of radiotelegraphy, marking a watershed moment in the history of wireless communications.

China. Nationalist leader Sun Yat-Sen is proclaimed president of China after the fall of the last dynasty, the Qing. Just six weeks later, he cedes power to the commander of the armed forces, Yuan Shikai. He too fails in 1916, and power falls into the

Auer mantles, a brilliant white gas light produced from thorium and cerium oxides in a ratio of 99 to 1, continue to be incredibly successful. Production exceeds 300 million units annually.

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko was born in Bol’saya Tes’ in Siberia

It turns out that liquid helium flows without any resistance through thin tubes when cooled to 2.19 Kelvin.

Marie Curie receives the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for isolating metallic radium. It is the Polish scientist’s second Nobel Prize.

Albert Einstein publishes in Annalen der Physik, volume 35: “On the influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light”

Thomas Alva Edison reluctantly admits that it’s essential to adapt to disc technology for his phonograph (he was pushing cylinder technology). He gives permission to reincorporate National Phonograph into Thomas A. Edison Inc. Edison’s battery and cement factories are kept separate so as not to

19-year-old student Alfred Sturtevant drew, in a single night, the first genetic map of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (fly).

The city of Las Vegas is founded. It has 800 inhabitants.

Reign of George V in England. The House of Hanover will end in 1917, by decision of the King, and that of Windsor will begin.

The Indianapolis Motor Speedway (the world’s first racetrack) is inaugurated, and the race is the 400-mile Brickyard (the circuit is paved with bricks and concrete).

The French Jewish banker and philanthropist Albert Kahn, inspired by a trip to Japan, decided to create a color (autochrome) photo album of the world’s peoples. He collected 72,000 photographs and 100 hours of film in his “planetary archives.” They reveal a dazzling variety of

Wilbur Wright, after spending several months in Europe flying and winning prizes, returns to the United States and flies around the Statue of Liberty in New York.

Paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott makes a remarkable discovery in the Middle Cambrian rocks exposed on the western flank of the ridge connecting Mount Field and Mount Wapta in western British Columbia, Canada: the Burgess Shale, containing tens of thousands of living organisms (60,000 to 80,000)

Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Geronimo, chief of the Chirikawa Apache tribe, dies. He had been captured for the last time thirty years earlier after holding his own against the U.S. Army for thirty years. He was then deported first to Florida, then to Alabama, and finally

The British ocean liner Republic is rammed by the Italian Lloyd’s Florida. The work of the Republic’s radio operator, Jack Binns, is crucial, maintaining uninterrupted radio communication with rescuers for 48 hours while the ship is sinking. Newspapers will give great credence to Marconi’s invention.

A powerful earthquake followed by a tsunami destroys Messina and Reggio Calabria, killing 150,000 people.

The Ford Model T is born. On October 1, 1908, the Ford Model T was introduced to the American market. Henry Ford and the company’s engineers spent five years producing a reliable and affordable automobile for the mass market. On the twentieth attempt, the new

Russian-German mathematician Hermann Minkowsky theorizes four-dimensional space-time in a famous lecture at the University of Göttingen

Belgium: Leo Baekeland produces the first artificial plastic made from substances that do not exist in nature: Bakelite.

The largest diamond ever discovered on Earth (about the size of a football) was presented to King Edward VII on his birthday and is now part of the British Crown Jewels. The largest diamond ever discovered is located in the constellation Serpens Cauda in the

Finns were the first European women to have the right to vote (in remote Wyoming they have been voting since 1869).

Zhitomir, near Kiev, Ukraine, Soviet Union. Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was born to a father who taught literature at the local gymnasium and a mother from an old Cossack family.

Leonid Il’jc Brezhnev was born in Dneprodzerzinsk in Ukraine

Manhattan’s Upper West Side. Grace Brewster Murray, later known in the software world as Grace Hopper, is born after marrying Vincent Hopper. She has the innate ability to translate scientific problems into mathematical equations and spoken English, which will make her an excellent software programmer.

The Dutch bombard Denpasar, Bali, from the sea after a trade dispute over a Chinese ship; the Balinese reaction and Dutch military intervention on the ground resulted in 4,000 Balinese deaths.

Trieste. Ludwig Boltzmann hangs himself while his wife and daughter are swimming in the Adriatic Sea during a vacation. Boltzmann is the first to understand that the arrow of time appears only when there is heat. And that therefore the concept of time is linked

Ettore Majorana was born in Catania. He soon proved himself a child prodigy, capable of extracting cube roots in his head. But all this also brought with it great loneliness.

United States. Swedish engineer Gideon Sundback perfects the invention of the zipper at the Fastener Company. The zipper will be adopted by the U.S. Army during World War I for its uniforms and boots.

Annus Mirabilis by Albert Einstein

The first pizzeria opens

President Theodore Roosevelt’s inauguration ceremony for his second term. Geronimo, chief of the Chirikawa Apache tribe, also attended.

Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro dies in Paris

St. Louis Fair: The Ice Cream Cone Invented

The Compression Rheostat Company, which later became Rockwell, was founded by Lynde Bradley and Stanton Allen with an initial investment of $1,000. The company’s first patented product was a carbon disk compression motor controller for industrial cranes. The crane controller was exhibited at the St.

French inventor Georges Claude begins experiments on tubes filled with neon and subjected to electrical discharges.

Havemeyer Hall at Columbia University, New York. Nikola Tesla gives a lecture-demonstration on electricity. Thomas Alva Edison, who had employed Tesla at the Edison Machine Works for six months (Tesla later founded the Tesla Electric Light Manufacturing Company), also attends. Edison arrives a little late,

Edison Storage Battery Company is valued at $1.5 million on Wall Street.

In 1901 in England, Charles Cross and Edward Bevan developed viscose, derived from cellulose. It was used by the American Viscose Company (1910) and by DuPont (1921) and later evolved into Rayon: artificial silk. Several years before Cross and Bevan, the French Count Hilaire de

United States. Granville Woods (of a Malayan-Indian father and Australian Aboriginal grandparents on his mother’s side) sells his patent for the third rail of the tram to General Electric. The third rail is used to power the locomotive and is now used in subways, for

England. Reign of Edward VII, son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy

Montreal, Canada. Physicist Ernest Rutherford receives an invitation from the local Physical Society to present at a conference on “The Existence of Bodies Smaller Than Atoms,” where he will present the results of experiments that will later be attributed to radioactive decay.

Colorado. Nikola Tesla, while working at night, occasionally received regular radio pulses, and speculated that they might be radio signals from Mars, suggesting he was the first to receive greetings from another planet. In hindsight, one explanation might be that he picked up radio signals

The Kodak Brownie, a $1 camera using Baekeland photographic paper, was the first mass-produced camera.

Electric cars and automobiles, unlike trams and trains, rely on rechargeable lead-acid batteries. They are extremely heavy due to the lead plate and suffer from the sloshing sound of the acidic, corrosive liquid, which also emits an incredible stench, similar to horse piss. Gasoline-powered cars

Planck, while having coffee at Rubens’, intuits the radiation law, obtains it that same afternoon and writes it on a postcard to Rubens, who receives it that same evening (the mail was collected and delivered several times a day).

David Hilbert of the University of Göttingen speaks at the International Congress of Mathematicians at the Sorbonne in Paris. He lists 23 unproven problems, which he believes will shape the course of future mathematical research. Hilbert’s 23 problems are: 1) (Partly accepted) The continuum hypothesis;

Presentation of the Trans-Siberian Railway at the Universal Exhibition in Paris

Heidelberg, Congress of the German Astronomical Society. Schwarzschild proposes that the geometry of the universe is not flat according to Euclid, but curved like the non-Euclidean geometries conceived just over a century earlier by Johann Lambert and the Italian Jesuit and mathematician Giovanni Sacchetti, and

The Guzman Prize is established for anyone who finds a way to communicate with other planets. Mars is excluded from the prize because it is considered too easy a target (Nikola Tesla had already claimed to have received radio communications from Mars a few years

Philosopher Sigmund Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams, in which he argued that dreams are a coded expression of repressed sexual desires.

United States. Elmer Sperry sells all his patents on electric cars, which he had focused on after unsuccessfully trying to acquire George Selden’s powerful patent on internal combustion engines.

There are 1.508 million people in the world

Energy source: Oil (Carbon/Hydrogen ratio: 1/2)