The racial laws in Germany and then throughout Europe led to a steady flow of Jewish emigrants to the United States, England, and Sweden. Approximately 23,500 of these would ultimately remain in their adoptive country. About one hundred of these were highly regarded physicists. Among them: Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Gregory Breit, Edward Teller, Eugene Wigner, Hans Bethe, James Franck, Franz Hess, Otto Stern, and Felix Bloch.
