Rome. The imperial army, after entering through what is now Porta Angelica, sacked the Vatican district and then attacked St. Peter’s, fortified by supporters of Alexander III. The Romans managed to repel the attacks for several days. The exasperated imperials set fire to the small church of Santa Maria in Torre, next to St. Peter’s. At this point, many surrendered, while Alexander II had long since fled across the Tiber, under the protection of the Frangipane family. Pope Alexander II then took refuge in the Torre Cartularia, one of the city’s mighty private fortresses heavily protected by the ruling families, mostly the rival Frangipane and Pierleoni families (who also included the Colosseum). Alexander III thus managed to escape the fury of the Teutonic Knights, who were unable to besiege these fortresses. Exceptionally, in this battle, the Pierleoni sided with the Frangipane family. Frederick then retreated outside the city gates, limiting himself to maintaining the siege of the city. Alexander III, however, managed to leave Rome, disguised as a pilgrim.
