Skip links
Published on: FQ

January 23, 1948

month after discovering the transistor effect, Shockley woke up one night with an idea: a simpler junction, made like a sandwich, with the top and bottom layers of germanium doped with impurities with excess electrons (n), and a thin middle layer of germanium with excess holes (p). He kept the news secret for over a month and then patented it in his own name.