Andes and Amazonia, present-day Ecuador, Peru, and Amazonian Brazil. Domestication begins, also understood as the selection of the most suitable species and thus the involuntary genetic modification of the species, of plants like potatoes, and animals like the llama and the Guinea pig. All this allows human groups to form villages, have surpluses to support non-productive jobs, larger populations, sustain complex organizations, have writing, technology, armies, and religion. So it makes a difference. But America arrived 5,000 years after Mesopotamia in this regard, and furthermore, agricultural crop yields are not the same, and on a continent with enormous geographical barriers to the diffusion of knowledge, even the llama or Guinea pig cannot compare with sheep, horses, donkeys, cows, and pigs (present in Eurasia) in terms of yield. This will make a difference when the two cultures come into contact.
