Scotland. Charles Edward, grandson of Maria Beatrice d’Este and James III, former King of England, entered Edinburgh after a swift campaign of conquests as soon as he landed in Scotland with 1,600 men. But soon afterward, the numerical superiority of the English army radically changed the course of the war. After also occupying Manchester, Carlysle, and Derby, he was defeated on the field and forced to retreat towards Scotland, where he was finally defeated at Culloden in April 1746.
