Jay Lathrop began working at Texas Instruments. With his assistant, James Nall, they had the brilliant idea of turning the microscope upside down, so that it reduced the image rather than enlarged it, thus projecting a smaller version of the circuit onto the germanium. They then used Kodak photoresists, which react when exposed to light. This allowed them to produce solid-state tracks and transistors on the chip: they invented photolithography for integrated circuits. Also at Texas Instruments, Mary Anne Potter spent months of trial and error to accelerate and optimize the mass production process of integrated circuits for the Minuteman program. That same year, Morris Chang (who several years later would found and lead TSMC in Taiwan, eventually becoming a near-monopoly on the world market) also joined Texas Instruments.
