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Published on: S

March 8, 1167

The consuls of Bergamo, Cremona, Brescia, and Mantua swore mutual aid in an unprecedented agreement destined to last fifty years. The general assemblies of each city solemnly ratified it with the oath of all adult citizens. The alliance aimed not to leave the Empire, but rather to remain loyal to it, providing every service expected of them until King Conrad, that is, 1152. All subsequent decisions, particularly those of Frederick, such as the Pacts of Roncaglia, were invalid.