Count Miklos Zrinyi the Younger, grandson of the heroic defender of Szigetvar in 1566, with thirty thousand men but no artillery, managed to lay siege to the Turkish besiegers of Szigetvar, taking them by surprise. He then turned towards the city of Pecs, also occupied
The Portuguese founded the city of Rio de Janeiro in the place of the same name
Agnadello, Italy, in the Ghiara d’Adda. Venetian troops under Alviano clash with the French, part of the anti-Venetian European coalition. But the Venetian army is divided in two, the other part under the command of the elderly and lethargic Pitigliano, who refuses to go to
Earth’s third eon: the Proterozoic. At the beginning of the Proterozoic, in the Siderian period, the Oxygen Catastrophe occurs: some microorganisms invent photosynthesis and begin to poison the air with oxygen, lethal to almost all other organisms. This causes a gigantic mass extinction and a
The expansion of space slows enough to allow denser regions of space to attract matter from nearby regions: gravitational collapse begins, first involving dark matter, then forming stars and galaxies.
End of the window of opportunity for nuclear fusion (which began only minutes earlier)
The radioactive decay of neutrons reduces the ratio of neutrons to protons to 1:7. Nearly all surviving neutrons end up in helium-4 nuclei, leaving only a few traces of deuterium, helium-3, and lithium. The universe now has 23% helium-4 matter, 77% hydrogen, and tiny traces
The first nuclear reactions occur suddenly. The temperature drops below a billion degrees.
Only a few minutes have passed since the Big Bang; atomic nuclei are created, the temperature has dropped to 10^9K
One second after the Big Bang the temperature is 10 billion degrees
The Higgs Boson field crystallizes throughout the Universe. Everything changes. Forever. The property of mass emerges, which is nothing other than the interaction of other particles with the Higgs Boson field. Some particles become so heavy that they immediately disappear from the rapidly cooling Universe.
At a temperature of 10^16K, a spontaneous symmetry breaking causes the particles to acquire mass; in particular, the W and Z particles acquire mass (through interaction with the field created by the Higgs particle(s).
Gravitational Force Emerges
The strong nuclear force separates from the electronuclear force
Only 10,000 Planck instants after the Big Bang, the three fundamental forces—Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic—are fused together; the temperature is around 10^28K.
The 10-dimensional string universe splits into 4 macroscopic + 6 dimensions tightly coiled at 10^-35m. The temperature is around 10^32K.
Before Planck’s time, time dissolves and becomes the fourth spatial dimension; in this sense, it is meaningless to talk about “when?” before Planck’s time.
Before Planck’s time, time dissolves and becomes the fourth spatial dimension; in this sense, it is meaningless to talk about “when?” before Planck’s time.