In a famous article in Scientific American, Martin Gardner explains John Conway’s game LIFE, or the more famous example of Cellular Automata. There are only two rules: if a cell is alive and is surrounded by two or three other living cells, it survives (otherwise, it dies); three neighboring living cells produce a child. The resulting combinations are countless, including gliders, spaceships, glider-shooting guns, beehives, blooming flowers, and so on.
