Soviet Venus exploration program. It consisted of four types of missions. Atmospheric probes: Venera 4, 5, 6 (1967–1969). Ground probes (simple): Venera 7, 8 (1970, 1972). Landers: Venera 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, Vega 1, 2 (1975, 1978, 1985). Radar mapping: Venera 15, 16 (1983).
