The Norwegians colonized some coastal areas of Greenland, with small camps, not self-sufficient because they depended on Norway for supplies, provisions, and food. They also made several forays into Newfoundland, in present-day Canada. When they abandoned the camps for a little over a century, upon their return there was no trace of them, likely wiped out by the indigenous Inuit, far more adept at managing the climate and the limited opportunities of the local ecosystem. The landing of Christopher Columbus, followed by Hernandex Cortes and Francisco Pizarro in more temperate regions of America, had a far different impact. Spain, with resources far different from the Norway of the time, and with expeditions using firearms and horses, was to follow.
