violent volcanic eruption: the Siberian Traps gave rise to what is now Siberia. Coal deposits ignite. The eruption and devastation continue for 900,000 years. The impact on life is tremendous: it will be another 25 million years before coal and diversification are found again. In total, 3 million cubic kilometers of lava are erupted. 96% of marine life and 70% of land life become extinct, including all 30,000 species of trilobites and 97% of ammonites.
