USSR. Among the cosmonauts nominated for the lunar landing were Yuri Gagarin, Gherman Titov (second in space), and Alexei Leonov (first spacewalk). Gagarin died (March 27, 1968) during the lunar program. Due to potential friction between strong personalities, a second (older) and then a third (younger) group was selected. In 1968, five crews for the L-1 Zond translunar probes were formed. Leonov and Makarov flew the first mission. In a 14-g test at Star Town, Leonov was diagnosed with internal bleeding in some organs subject to tremendous compression. The same crew was intended for round-the-moon (L-1) and lunar landings (LK and LOK). Training was conducted on Mil-4 helicopters with rough landings. The moonwalks were rehearsed in Kamchatka.
