Russia. Immediately after the death of Tsar Alexander I, a group of officers, the so-called Decembrists, attempted to overthrow the absolute monarchy and establish a constitutional regime or even a republic. This group included officers such as Mikhail Orlov and Alexander Volkonsky. Major heroes of the Napoleonic Wars, such as Alexander Chernyshev, Alexander Benckendorff, and Pyotr Volkonsky, also joined in the successful repression. The Decembrist uprising and its suppression led to a profound rift between right and left in Russia, which culminated in the 1917 revolution.
