Japan. The new Togugawa kingdom forbade Japanese people from traveling abroad. Then, in 1637, it severely limited the rights of Christianity in Japan. A Jesuit was tortured and beheaded. In 1640, a Portuguese ship returned, hoping to reopen trade, but the crew was executed and a small group of them was sent back with the message that there was no possibility of trading with Japan. The Portuguese colony of Macau would never recover from this loss, and its place would be taken by the Dutch, who obtained permission to trade on a limited basis with a small island in the port of Nagasaki, at the southern tip of the Japanese archipelago.
