Signal Intelligence. One of the first warnings of the impending Iraqi invasion of Kuwait came when American spy satellites detected massive Iraqi radar activity, after months of near inactivity. However, the White House interpreted this information as a bluff. The Americans were unable to access much of Iraqi communications, as the latter, mindful of the military training they received from the Americans during the Iran-Iraq war, used fiber-optic communications to avoid interception. Furthermore, the Soviets may have leaked the timing of the American spy satellites to the Iraqis.
