Soviet Union. Luigi Calligaris, a leading figure in the Italian socialist revolutionary movement, is arrested. He had already expressed disillusionment with the Soviet Union after witnessing the famines caused by forced collectivization. The NKVD’s torture of Calligaris quickly took effect: he accused his two comrades, Belluisch and Bernetich, all three of whom held Trotskyist views. Along with six other Italians, they were all sentenced to three years in the Gulag, and then re-sentenced and re-sentenced ad infinitum. The final fate of three of them is unknown (Bellusish, Martelli, Guarnaschelli), while the anarchist trade unionist Otello Gaggi died in a Gulag in 1945, Carlo Settoni died of tuberculosis in a Siberian Gulag in 1942, Ezio Biondini, after serving three sentences of forced labor in Siberia, was released in 1946, returned to Moscow in 1950, where he asked to be repatriated to Italy, and was then rearrested for espionage and sentenced to 25 years of forced labor, he died in Krasnoyarsk a few years later.
