Naples. Murat, after initiating secret negotiations with the English and Austrians, wrote a proclamation to the Italians urging them to unite under the Kingdom of Naples, declaring their independence and promising a constitution. But the Austrians, now in control, defeated Murat or forced him to flee to Corsica. A few months later, Murat made a new attempt, but was captured and shot. Some see this episode as the beginning of the Italian Risorgimento.
