Indus Valley. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro had around 40,000 inhabitants and were sophisticated centers of culture, trade, and industry. But there are no traces of kings or pharaohs, nor even fortifications. Few weapons have been found. There’s not even a trace of a large municipal or royal building. It seems like a society perhaps based more on consensus than on oppression or fear. Whatever it once represented, it all ended around 1900 BC. The near-total disappearance of this civilization is perhaps a reminder of how fragile our own civilization is today.
