Eastern Anatolia. The city of Arslantepe flourishes, modeled on Uruk in Mesopotamia. But Arslantepe sees the rise of a warrior aristocracy with a new aesthetic of hand-to-hand combat, often depicted and extolled with swords and spearheads finely crafted from arsenic-rich copper. The site of Arslantepe is a tell, an artificial hill created by the overlapping of settlements rebuilt on the same spot for millennia; it was occupied continuously from at least the 5th millennium BC until the Roman and Byzantine periods.
