{"id":628131,"date":"2026-01-19T01:00:34","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T00:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/august-2-2001\/"},"modified":"2026-01-19T01:00:34","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T00:00:34","slug":"1994-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1994-10\/","title":{"rendered":"1994"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>After the end of the Cold War, nuclear deterrence no longer held up in international comparisons and new approaches to the conduct of war took hold. Particularly after the failed military intervention in Somalia in support of humanitarian operations, the United States adopted the Powell Doctrine, derived from the Weinberger Doctrine, which calls for the use of overwhelming force to achieve a quick victory and lose the fewest possible American lives. The purpose of the use of military force must be limited to battlefield operations, without involvement in peacekeeping operations. The doctrine was applied effectively in Kuwait (1991) and Kosovo (1999), but not at all in Iraq (2003\u20132011) and Afghanistan (2001\u20132015). The doctrine was ratified by Presidential Directive 25. European nations adopted the opposite view: military forces are used with the declared purpose of peacekeeping operations or peacekeeping, or to ensure nation-building.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After the end of the Cold War, nuclear deterrence no longer held up in international&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-628131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-s-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>1994 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1994-10\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1994 - 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