{"id":622828,"date":"2026-01-18T21:39:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T20:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/july-21-1930\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T21:39:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T20:39:03","slug":"1919-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/","title":{"rendered":"1919"},"content":{"rendered":"

After the Great War, Germany’s debts were not only those owed to the victors, but also those among the victors: Great Britain owed 842 million pounds to the United States, France 550 million to the United States and 508 million to Great Britain, Italy 325 million to the United States, 467 million to Great Britain, and 35 million to France. According to Keynes, the total debt among the allies amounted to 4 billion pounds. The United States was merely a creditor. For this reason, Keynes suggested canceling the debts and issuing international loans, in which the United States would have the lion’s share. He was not listened to: the United States demanded reparations, and so did the others toward Germany. This would poison international relations until the outbreak of the Second World War.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

After the Great War, Germany’s debts were not only those owed to the victors, but…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-622828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-s-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n1919 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1919 - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"After the Great War, Germany’s debts were not only those owed to the victors, but...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T20:39:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/\",\"name\":\"1919 - Cronologia Universale\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-18T20:39:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"1919\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/\",\"name\":\"Cronologia Universale\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\",\"name\":\"Rick\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rick\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"1919 - Cronologia Universale","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1919 - Cronologia Universale","og_description":"After the Great War, Germany’s debts were not only those owed to the victors, but...","og_url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/","og_site_name":"Cronologia Universale","article_published_time":"2026-01-18T20:39:03+00:00","author":"Rick","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rick","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/","name":"1919 - Cronologia Universale","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-01-18T20:39:03+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1919-10\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"1919"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/","name":"Cronologia Universale","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03","name":"Rick","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rick"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it"],"url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=622828"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":687959,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622828\/revisions\/687959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=622828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=622828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=622828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}