{"id":622739,"date":"2026-01-18T21:36:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T20:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/1927-21\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T21:36:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T20:36:03","slug":"december-1917-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/december-1917-2\/","title":{"rendered":"December 1917"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Finnish declaration of independence sparked a civil war in Finland between the Whites, supported by German troops who landed in the country, and the Reds, both Finnish and Russian, who occupied the country. The Whites won the civil war in May 1918. Not without massacres on the part of the Whites as well: 8,000 Reds were shot and another 20,000 died of hunger and hardship. This was the first of three wars the Finns fought and won against the Soviets during the 20th century. (An unmatched record.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Finnish declaration of independence sparked a civil war in Finland between the Whites, supported…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-622739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-as-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDecember 1917 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/december-1917-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"December 1917 - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Finnish declaration of independence sparked a civil war in Finland between the Whites, supported...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/december-1917-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T20:36:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/december-1917-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/december-1917-2\/\",\"name\":\"December 1917 - 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