{"id":621260,"date":"2026-01-18T20:46:36","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/1870-8\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T20:46:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:46:36","slug":"1863","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/","title":{"rendered":"1863"},"content":{"rendered":"

New York. John Rothman began working as an indexer for The New York Times Index, which, starting in 1863 and increasingly regularly and widely starting in 1913, offered indexes of newspaper and magazine articles. It was a vast undertaking: each annual volume contained thousands of pages, and the volumes were almost cubic in shape. Starting in 1972, access to this information was computerized and made available at the Hillman Library at the University of Pittsburgh. Six months later, access increased to 14, including NBC, the CIA, the Associated Press, the State Department, the Library of Congress, ExxonMobil, and Chase Manhattan Bank.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

New York. John Rothman began working as an indexer for The New York Times Index,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-621260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ev-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n1863 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1863 - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New York. John Rothman began working as an indexer for The New York Times Index,...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T19:46:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/\",\"name\":\"1863 - Cronologia Universale\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-18T19:46:36+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"1863\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/\",\"name\":\"Cronologia Universale\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\",\"name\":\"Rick\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rick\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"1863 - Cronologia Universale","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1863 - Cronologia Universale","og_description":"New York. John Rothman began working as an indexer for The New York Times Index,...","og_url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/","og_site_name":"Cronologia Universale","article_published_time":"2026-01-18T19:46:36+00:00","author":"Rick","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rick"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/","name":"1863 - Cronologia Universale","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-01-18T19:46:36+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1863\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"1863"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/","name":"Cronologia Universale","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03","name":"Rick","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rick"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it"],"url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=621260"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":686391,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621260\/revisions\/686391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=621260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=621260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=621260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}