{"id":621099,"date":"2026-01-18T20:41:10","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/september-3-1864\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T20:41:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:41:10","slug":"october-23-1860","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-23-1860\/","title":{"rendered":"October 23, 1860"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>China. Count Elgin meets with Crown Prince Gong and forces him to sign a treaty that is effectively a burdensome and costly surrender, on European terms. With the end of the Second Opium War, new coastal cities fall under Western influence, and Beijing must pay indemnities to London and Paris.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>China. Count Elgin meets with Crown Prince Gong and forces him to sign a treaty&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-621099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-s-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>October 23, 1860 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-23-1860\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"October 23, 1860 - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China. 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