{"id":621095,"date":"2026-01-18T20:41:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/august-5-1864\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T20:41:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:41:02","slug":"october-18-1860","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/","title":{"rendered":"October 18, 1860"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Beijing&#8217;s Summer Palace is destroyed. British troops occupy Beijing, sack it, and then burn the Yuanmingyuan, the fabulous summer palace built by the Manchu emperors in the 18th century. Shortly thereafter, the Qing Dynasty surrendered to Anglo-French forces, ending the Second Opium War and China&#8217;s hopes of reversing foreign domination of its national affairs. Around 1870, Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi began rebuilding the palace and its magnificent gardens, renaming it Yiheyuan, or &#8220;Garden of Health and Harmony.&#8221; In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, the palace was again burned by Western troops and remained in ruins until the Chinese Communists rebuilt it in the 1950s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Beijing&#8217;s Summer Palace is destroyed. British troops occupy Beijing, sack it, and then burn the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-621095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vg-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>October 18, 1860 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"October 18, 1860 - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Beijing&#8217;s Summer Palace is destroyed. British troops occupy Beijing, sack it, and then burn the...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T19:41:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/\",\"name\":\"October 18, 1860 - Cronologia Universale\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-18T19:41:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"October 18, 1860\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/\",\"name\":\"Cronologia Universale\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\",\"name\":\"Rick\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rick\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"October 18, 1860 - Cronologia Universale","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"October 18, 1860 - Cronologia Universale","og_description":"Beijing&#8217;s Summer Palace is destroyed. British troops occupy Beijing, sack it, and then burn the...","og_url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/","og_site_name":"Cronologia Universale","article_published_time":"2026-01-18T19:41:02+00:00","author":"Rick","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rick","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/","name":"October 18, 1860 - Cronologia Universale","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-01-18T19:41:02+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/october-18-1860\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"October 18, 1860"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/","name":"Cronologia Universale","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03","name":"Rick","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rick"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it"],"url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=621095"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":686226,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621095\/revisions\/686226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=621095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=621095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=621095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}