{"id":620846,"date":"2026-01-18T20:32:37","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/11-17-september-1860\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T20:32:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T19:32:37","slug":"1854-ca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/","title":{"rendered":"1854 ca."},"content":{"rendered":"

Puritan John Brown (the one to whom the song “John Brown” was rededicated), a staunch anti-slavery man, settled with his family in Kansas near the Ossawatomie River. When he heard news of the burning of the town of Lawrence by Southerners, and then of Southern settlers who, having settled in Pottawatomie, had insulted some freesoilers, Brown attacked them one night, dragged them out of their house, and massacred them. Five people died. This episode was part of a long chain of revenge, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Puritan John Brown (the one to whom the song “John Brown” was rededicated), a staunch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-620846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vg-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n1854 ca. - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1854 ca. - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Puritan John Brown (the one to whom the song “John Brown” was rededicated), a staunch...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T19:32:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/\",\"name\":\"1854 ca. - Cronologia Universale\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-18T19:32:37+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"1854 ca.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/\",\"name\":\"Cronologia Universale\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03\",\"name\":\"Rick\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rick\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"1854 ca. - Cronologia Universale","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1854 ca. - Cronologia Universale","og_description":"Puritan John Brown (the one to whom the song “John Brown” was rededicated), a staunch...","og_url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/","og_site_name":"Cronologia Universale","article_published_time":"2026-01-18T19:32:37+00:00","author":"Rick","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rick"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/","name":"1854 ca. - Cronologia Universale","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-01-18T19:32:37+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1854-ca\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/universal-cronology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"1854 ca."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/","name":"Cronologia Universale","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/f510f53010edc7a70b16caecf1c4af03","name":"Rick","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7f707c665808696c8fa12345661bf0ef3aa60982ce3781ec6cc5b16b7b828ba8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rick"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/cronologia-universale.it"],"url":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/author\/rick\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/620846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=620846"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/620846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":685977,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/620846\/revisions\/685977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=620846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=620846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=620846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}