{"id":618931,"date":"2026-01-18T19:27:32","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T18:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/1699\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T19:27:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T18:27:32","slug":"1663","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1663\/","title":{"rendered":"1663"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>London. There were already 82 registered caf\u00e9s. They served a social function, a pillar of the nascent bourgeois society. Coffee brought greater sobriety to the European population. To a certain extent, and for certain customers, it partially replaced wine and beer in bars and pubs. Workers no longer drank beer for breakfast. By 1700, there were more than two thousand caf\u00e9s in London, frequented exclusively by men. Caffeine is a psychoactive substance that blocks the effect of adenosine, a molecule that induces sleep. As a result, some blood vessels constrict while others dilate, and certain muscles contract more easily. Caffeine is toxic and causes death in doses of around 10 grams (about 55 to 125 cups of coffee in a row).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>London. There were already 82 registered caf\u00e9s. They served a social function, a pillar of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-618931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vg-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>1663 - Cronologia Universale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cronologia-universale.it\/en\/1663\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1663 - Cronologia Universale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"London. 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